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Understanding 5e5: A Technical Breakdown
Miscellaneous Conversions

5e5

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Temperature Conversion

Temperature is more than just a number on a weather app — it’s a critical measurement in cooking, science, health, and everyday comfort. Around the world, different scales are used, including Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K). Understanding how to convert between them helps avoid confusion whether you’re setting your oven, checking body temperature, or interpreting lab data.

Celsius to Fahrenheit

To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, use the formula:

°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32

Examples:

Celsius (°C)FormulaFahrenheit (°F)
0(0 × 9/5) + 3232
10(10 × 9/5) + 3250
20(20 × 9/5) + 3268
30(30 × 9/5) + 3286
100(100 × 9/5) + 32212

Fahrenheit to Celsius

To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, use this formula:

°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9

Examples:

Fahrenheit (°F)FormulaCelsius (°C)
32(32 − 32) × 5/9 = 0 × 5/90
68(68 − 32) × 5/9 = 36 × 5/920
98.6(98.6 − 32) × 5/9 = 66.6 × 5/937
212(212 − 32) × 5/9 = 180 × 5/9100

Celsius to Kelvin

Kelvin is used in scientific contexts and starts at absolute zero.

K = °C + 273.15

Examples:

Celsius (°C)Kelvin (K)
-273.150
0273.15
25298.15
100373.15

Quick Reference Summary

°C°FK
-40-40233.15
032273.15
2068293.15
3798.6310.15
100212373.15

Length Conversion

Length is one of the most commonly used measurements in daily life — from checking your height, measuring a piece of wood, calculating walking distance, or understanding product dimensions. Different regions use either the metric system (millimeters, centimeters, meters, kilometers) or the imperial system (inches, feet, yards, miles), and switching between them is often necessary.

Metric System Basics

These conversions are based on powers of ten, making the metric system highly logical and easy to use:

Metric Examples

UnitConversion
1 cm10 mm
1 m100 cm = 1,000 mm
1.5 m150 cm = 1,500 mm
2.3 km2,300 m = 230,000 cm

Imperial System Basics

The imperial system is used in the United States and parts of the UK. The most common units are:

Imperial Examples

UnitEquivalent
1 ft12 in
3 ft36 in = 1 yd
2 miles10,560 ft = 3,520 yds

Metric to Imperial Conversion

These conversions are approximate but commonly used:

Examples: Metric to Imperial

Metric ValueImperial Equivalent
10 cm3.94 inches
1 m3.28 feet (39.37 inches)
100 m109.36 yards
5 km3.11 miles

Imperial to Metric Conversion

Reverse conversions:

Examples: Imperial to Metric

Imperial ValueMetric Equivalent
5 in12.7 cm
6 ft1.83 m
100 yd91.44 m
2 miles3.218 km

Quick Reference Table

UnitConverts To
1 inch2.54 cm
1 cm0.3937 inches
1 foot0.3048 m
1 meter3.2808 ft
1 mile1.609 km
1 km0.6214 miles

Area Conversion

Area is used to describe the amount of surface a shape covers — whether it’s a room floor, a field, a wall, or even an entire plot of land. It’s crucial in real estate, agriculture, construction, architecture, and everyday measurements like square footage in homes or land size in hectares.

Metric Units of Area

The metric system handles area using squared versions of its length units:

Metric Area Examples

UnitEquivalent
1 m²10,000 cm²
1 ha10,000 m² = 100 ares = 0.01 km²
0.5 km²500,000 m² = 50 hectares
25 cm × 25 cm625 cm² (area of a square)

Imperial Units of Area

In countries using the imperial system, area is often measured in:

Key relationships:

Imperial Area Examples

UnitEquivalent
1 yd²9 ft²
1 acre43,560 ft²
1 mi²640 acres = 27,878,400 ft²
Room: 12 ft × 15 ft180 ft²

Metric ↔ Imperial Conversion

These are the most commonly needed cross-system conversions:

Examples: Area Conversions

ValueConverted Value
100 m²1,076.4 ft²
500 ft²46.45 m²
1 hectare2.471 acres
2 acres8,094 m² = 0.809 ha
1 km²1,000,000 m² = 247.1 acres

Quick Area Conversion Table

UnitEquivalent
1 m²10.764 ft²
1 ft²0.092903 m²
1 ha10,000 m² = 2.471 acres
1 acre4,046.86 m² = 0.4047 ha
1 km²1,000,000 m² = 100 ha = 247.1 acres

Volume Conversion

Volume tells us how much space something occupies — whether it’s water in a bottle, fuel in a tank, or ingredients in a recipe. Units of volume vary depending on the context: liters and milliliters in the metric world, gallons, quarts, and cups in the imperial system. Knowing how to convert between them is especially useful in cooking, science, and logistics.

Metric Units of Volume

The metric system makes volume conversions easy since it follows a decimal structure.

Examples:

UnitEquivalent
500 mL0.5 liters
1 liter1,000 mL = 1,000 cm³
2.5 L2,500 mL
1 m³1,000 L = 1,000,000 mL

Imperial Units of Volume

In the imperial system (primarily used in the U.S.), common volume units include:

Key relationships:

Metric to Imperial Conversions

These are approximate values commonly used:

Examples:

Metric ValueImperial Equivalent
250 mL≈ 8.45 fl oz
500 mL≈ 16.91 fl oz = ~1 US pint
1 liter≈ 33.81 fl oz = ~1.057 qt = 0.2642 gal
2 liters≈ 67.63 fl oz = ~0.528 gal

Imperial to Metric Conversions

These are also useful for interpreting American packaging or recipes:

Examples:

Imperial ValueMetric Equivalent
1 cup≈ 236.6 mL
1 pint≈ 473.2 mL
1 gallon≈ 3.785 liters
12 fl oz≈ 355 mL (a standard soda can)

Quick Volume Conversion Table

UnitEquivalent
1 mL0.0338 fl oz
1 liter1,000 mL ≈ 33.81 fl oz = 1.057 qt = 0.264 gal
1 gallon (US)128 fl oz ≈ 3.785 L
1 cup (US)8 fl oz ≈ 236.6 mL

Weight Conversion

Weight (or more precisely, mass) is a measurement we constantly encounter — in cooking, travel, shipping, fitness, and science. Depending on where you live, you might use grams and kilograms, or ounces and pounds. Let’s walk through how to convert between the different units with ease.

Metric Units of Weight

The metric system is based on powers of ten and is straightforward to work with:

Metric Examples

UnitEquivalent
1 g1,000 mg
1 kg1,000 g = 1,000,000 mg
0.5 kg500 g
2 tonnes2,000 kg = 2,000,000 g

Imperial Units of Weight

Used primarily in the United States and a few other countries:

Imperial Examples

UnitEquivalent
1 lb16 oz
2 lbs32 oz
1 stone14 lbs
1 ton (US)2,000 lbs

Metric to Imperial Conversion

These are widely used approximations:

Examples: Metric to Imperial

Metric ValueApproximate Imperial Equivalent
100 g3.53 oz
1 kg2.20 lbs
2.5 kg5.51 lbs
50 kg110.23 lbs
1 tonne2,204.6 lbs

Imperial to Metric Conversion

Use these key ratios:

Examples: Imperial to Metric

Imperial ValueApproximate Metric Equivalent
1 lb453.6 g = 0.4536 kg
10 oz283.5 g
150 lbs68.04 kg
1 stone6.35 kg
1 US ton907.18 kg

Quick Weight Conversion Table

UnitEquivalent
1 g0.0353 oz
1 kg2.2046 lbs
1 lb16 oz = 0.4536 kg
1 oz28.35 g
1 stone14 lbs = 6.35 kg
1 tonne1,000 kg ≈ 2,204.62 lbs
1 US ton2,000 lbs ≈ 907.18 kg

Speed Conversion

Speed measures how fast something moves — whether it’s a car on a highway, a runner on a track, or a plane in the sky. You’ll most commonly see speed expressed in kilometers per hour (km/h), miles per hour (mph), or meters per second (m/s). For nautical and aviation purposes, the unit knot is also used. Let’s see how these units compare and convert.

Common Speed Units

Kilometers per Hour to Meters per Second

Conversion:

1 km/h = 0.27778 m/s
1 m/s = 3.6 km/h

Examples:

SpeedIn m/s
10 km/h2.78 m/s
50 km/h13.89 m/s
100 km/h27.78 m/s

Kilometers per Hour to Miles per Hour

Conversion:

1 km/h ≈ 0.6214 mph
1 mph ≈ 1.609 km/h

Examples:

Speed (km/h)Speed (mph)
106.21
6037.28
10062.14
12074.56

Knots to Kilometers and Miles per Hour

A knot is one nautical mile per hour.

Examples:

Knotskm/hmph
1018.5211.51
2037.0423.02
3055.5634.54
5092.657.54

Meters per Second to Kilometers per Hour

A helpful conversion in athletics or physics:

1 m/s = 3.6 km/h

Examples:

Speed (m/s)Speed (km/h)
27.2
518
1036
1554

Quick Speed Conversion Table

UnitConverts To
1 km/h0.27778 m/s = 0.6214 mph = 0.53996 knots
1 mph1.609 km/h
1 m/s3.6 km/h
1 knot1.852 km/h = 1.15078 mph

Time Conversion

Time units are part of nearly every activity — from setting alarms and measuring work hours to calculating project timelines or understanding how long a year truly is. The basics are well-known, but once you start multiplying hours into days, months into minutes, or years into seconds — things get interesting. Let’s explore these conversions step by step.

Fundamental Time Units

Time Breakdown (Non-Leap Year)

UnitValue
1 day24 hours / 1,440 minutes / 86,400 seconds
1 week168 hours / 10,080 minutes / 604,800 sec
1 month (avg)~30.44 days ≈ 730.5 hours
1 year365 days / 8,760 hours / 525,600 minutes
1 year (sec)31,536,000 seconds

Leap Year Time

A leap year has one extra day:

Practical Examples

Time FrameIn HoursIn MinutesIn Seconds
2.5 hours2.51509,000
3 days724,320259,200
1 week16810,080604,800
1 month (30 days)72043,2002,592,000

Working Days in a Year

Typically:

Time Conversion Table

UnitEquivalent
1 minute60 seconds
1 hour60 minutes = 3,600 seconds
1 day24 hours = 1,440 minutes = 86,400 seconds
1 week7 days = 168 hours
1 year365 days = 8,760 hours
Leap year366 days = 8,784 hours

Angle Conversion

Angles are used to describe rotation, direction, or shape — whether you’re measuring corners in geometry, turning a car’s steering wheel, or navigating with a compass. The two most common units are degrees (°) and radians (rad). Let’s look at how they relate and how to convert between them.

Degrees

Degrees divide a full circle into 360 equal parts:

Degrees are widely used in daily life, from architecture to sports.

Radians

Radians are used more often in scientific, engineering, and programming contexts. They’re based on the arc length of a circle:

This system simplifies formulas in trigonometry and calculus.

Conversion Formulas

Examples: Degrees to Radians

Degrees (°)FormulaRadians (rad)
30°30 × π / 180π/6 ≈ 0.5236
45°45 × π / 180π/4 ≈ 0.7854
90°90 × π / 180π/2 ≈ 1.5708
180°180 × π / 180π ≈ 3.1416
360°360 × π / 1802π ≈ 6.2832

Examples: Radians to Degrees

Radians (rad)FormulaDegrees (°)
π/6 ≈ 0.52360.5236 × (180 / π)30°
π/2 ≈ 1.57081.5708 × (180 / π)90°
1 rad1 × (180 / π)≈ 57.3°
2 rad2 × (180 / π)≈ 114.6°

Quick Angle Conversion Table

Degrees (°)Radians (rad)
0°0
30°π/6 ≈ 0.5236
45°π/4 ≈ 0.7854
90°π/2 ≈ 1.5708
180°π ≈ 3.1416
360°2π ≈ 6.2832

Pressure Conversion

Pressure is the force applied per unit area. We encounter it in many situations: checking tire pressure, reading weather maps, adjusting espresso machines, or measuring blood pressure. Various units are used across different industries and countries, so converting between them is often necessary.

Common Pressure Units

Pascal-Based Units

Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level:

Conversions Between Units

UnitEquivalent
1 atm101,325 Pa = 101.325 kPa ≈ 1.013 bar
1 bar100,000 Pa = 100 kPa ≈ 0.9869 atm
1 psi6,894.76 Pa ≈ 0.06895 bar
1 mmHg133.322 Pa ≈ 0.00131579 atm
1 kPa0.145 psi ≈ 0.009869 atm

Examples: Converting to Bar

ValueIn Bar
100,000 Pa1 bar
202,650 Pa2.0265 bar
1 atm≈ 1.013 bar
30 psi≈ 2.07 bar

Examples: psi to kPa and atm

psikPaatm
14.7101.3251.0
32≈ 220.6≈ 2.18
50≈ 344.7≈ 3.4

Quick Pressure Conversion Table

UnitConverts To
1 atm101.325 kPa = 1.013 bar = 14.7 psi
1 bar100 kPa = 0.9869 atm = 14.5 psi
1 psi6.89476 kPa = 0.0689 bar
1 mmHg133.322 Pa = 0.001316 atm

Energy and Power Conversion

Energy tells us how much work can be done, and power tells us how fast that energy is used. You see energy units on food labels, electricity bills, engine specs, and fitness trackers. The most common units include joules, calories, kilowatt-hours, watts, and horsepower.

Energy Units

Power Units

Energy Conversions

UnitEquivalent
1 cal4.184 J
1 kcal1,000 cal = 4,184 J = 4.184 kJ
1 kWh3.6 million J = 3,600,000 J = 860 kcal
1 J0.000278 kWh ≈ 0.239 cal

Examples

ValueConverted Energy
100 kcal418,400 J
1 kWh3,600,000 J = 860 kcal
500 kJ≈ 119.5 kcal

Power Conversions

UnitEquivalent
1 W1 J/s
1 kW1,000 W
1 hp (metric)735.5 W
1 hp (mechanical)745.7 W

Examples

Power RatingDescription
1,500 W heater1.5 kW — uses 1.5 kWh per hour
100 hp engine≈ 73.5 kW
60 W lightbulb0.06 kW — 0.06 kWh in one hour

Quick Conversion Summary

FromTo
1 kcal4.184 kJ
1 kWh860 kcal = 3.6 MJ
1 J0.000239 kcal = 2.78 × 10⁻⁷ kWh
1 hp≈ 0.7355 kW (metric) or 0.7457 kW (US)

Measurement units are the foundation of how we understand and interact with the world — from tracking time and distance to managing energy, weight, and digital data. This guide walked you through the essential categories of conversion:

By understanding how to move between units with confidence, you gain control — whether you’re solving technical problems, making smart purchases, interpreting global standards, or just getting through everyday tasks more smoothly.

Keep this guide handy — and let it serve as your reliable reference in a world full of numbers.

FAQ

1. What is 200°C in Fahrenheit?

To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, use the formula:
(200 × 9/5) + 32 = 392°F
So, 200°C = 392°F — a common baking temperature for roasting.

2. How many feet are there in a mile?

There are 5,280 feet in one mile. This is a fixed value used in both running events and land measurement in the U.S.

3. How do I convert a decimal to a fraction?

To convert a decimal like 0.75 into a fraction:
0.75 = 75/100 = 3/4 (simplified).
The process involves removing the decimal by multiplying and simplifying the fraction.

4. What is 25°C in Fahrenheit?

25°C × 9/5 + 32 = 77°F
So, a temperature of 25°C feels like a warm day: 77°F.

5. What time is it in Los Angeles right now?

Los Angeles is in the Pacific Time Zone (PT). To know the exact time, check a live clock. When it’s 12:00 in New York (ET), it’s usually 09:00 in LA (PT), except during daylight saving transitions.

6. How many seconds are there in a year?

A non-leap year has:
365 × 24 × 60 × 60 = 31,536,000 seconds
A leap year has 31,622,400 seconds.

7. How many ounces are in a pound?

There are 16 ounces (oz) in 1 pound (lb).
This is used in cooking, postal services, and body weight.

8. How tall is 170 cm in feet and inches?

To convert centimeters to feet:
170 cm ÷ 30.48 ≈ 5.577 ft, or about 5 feet 7 inches.

9. How many millimeters are in an inch?

1 inch = 25.4 millimeters.
So, to convert mm to inches: divide by 25.4.
Example: 40 mm ≈ 1.57 inches

10. How many liters are in a gallon?

It depends on the system:

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